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Mac OS X
(operating system)The 8.0.2 version, available as a free update to existing StuffIt Deluxe 8.0 and 8.0.1 customers, provides full support for Mac OS X 10.3 'Panther,' includes a new version of StuffIt Archive Via Rename, and plus new options to allow users to determine whether UNIX file permissions are set when files are expanded from non-UNIX-compatible file formats. Sierra definition: 1. A range of hills or mountains having a saw-toothed appearance from a distance 2. Any of several marine scombroid fishes (genus Scomberomorus), valued for sport and as foodOrigin of sierraSpanish from Classical Latin serra, a sa. Define Mac OS X 10.7. Mac OS X 10.7 synonyms, Mac OS X 10.7 pronunciation, Mac OS X 10.7 translation, English dictionary definition of Mac OS X 10.7. A large carnivorous feline mammal of Africa and northwest India, having a short tawny coat, a tufted tail, and, in the male, a. Boxee, based on the xbmc open-source project, is in alpha testing for Mac OS X 10.4 (and above), Ubuntu and Apple TV. Entertainment experience: boxee 'The problem for Mac OS X 10.4 users is that the user interface does not allow the owner to see that the DNS server has changed. Mac OS X (Mac OS 10) The current operating system from Apple for the Mac family. Starting in the fall of 2016, Version 10.12 uses the rebranded 'macOS' moniker and not OS X. See macOS and Sierra. OS X Server was introduced in 1999, and the client version came out in 2001.
Mac OS X
(Mac OS 10) The current operating system from Apple for the Mac family. Starting in the fall of 2016, Version 10.12 uses the rebranded 'macOS' moniker and not OS X. See macOS and Sierra.OS X Server was introduced in 1999, and the client version came out in 2001. Based on Unix and featuring an entirely redesigned user interface, OS X was a major departure from the previous OS 9 system. For the first time, the rich set of Unix commands became available to all Mac developers (A/UX was an earlier Unix OS for the Mac but was not widely used).
OS X added protected memory, pre-emptive multitasking, multithreading and symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) to the Mac world. The heart of OS X is the open source, POSIX-compliant Darwin kernel, which includes an enhanced BSD 4.4 operating system and Mach 2.5 microkernel. See HFS.
Legacy Software
Prior to Mac OS X 10.5 (Leopard), OS X ran legacy OS 9 and earlier applications via its Classic software, which was a full copy of OS 9 that ran as an OS X process. Classic was not preloaded on new Macs, but was available for installation from the system disks.
In 2006, Apple switched from the PowerPC to the Intel platform, and Classic support was dropped in the Intel version of OS X. However, PowerPC applications could run on Intel Macs via an emulator (see Rosetta).
Programming Environments
There have been five programming interfaces (APIs) for writing Mac OS X applications. Cocoa is the native OS X interface, derived from OpenStep. Carbon is used for applications that can run on both OS X and earlier Mac OS machines, and Classic is the API prior to Mac OS X. Programs can also be developed in Java and BSD. See OpenStep and Cocoa.
Dictionary For Mac
Faster Cats!
Mac OS X versions were internally code-named after jungle cats. Starting with Version 10.2 (Jaguar), the animals became the official product name until Version 10.9 (see below). See Rhapsody and Bonjour.
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| Developer(s) | Apple Inc. |
|---|---|
| Stable release | 2.3.0 / August 18, 2018; 2 years ago[1] |
| Operating system | macOS |
| Type | Dictionary |
| License | Proprietary |
| Website | www.apple.com |
| Part of a series on |
| macOS |
|---|
From version 10.0 to version 10.15: From version 11.0: |
|
Dictionary is an application developed by Apple Inc. as a part of macOS. The application provides definitions and synonyms from various dictionaries, Wikipedia articles and a glossary of Apple-related terms.
Dictionary was introduced in OS X 10.4 with the New Oxford American Dictionary and Oxford American Writer's Thesaurus (as well as the Wikipedia and Apple sections). 10.5 added Japanese dictionaries, 10.7 added the British Oxford Dictionary of English, and 10.8 added French, German, Spanish and Chinese.
History[edit]
OS X's progenitor, OPENSTEP (and NEXTSTEP) provided similar functionality, called Digital Webster, providing dictionary and thesaurus definitions from Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary and Webster's Collegiate Thesaurus (termed the 'First Digital Edition'). OPENSTEP Services provide lookup from all applications.
Dictionary was first introduced with Mac OS X v10.4 'Tiger' and provided definitions from the New Oxford American Dictionary, 2nd Edition. With Mac OS X 10.7 'Lion', Dictionary was updated to the Third Edition of the New Oxford American Dictionary and the British Oxford Dictionary of English was added.[2]
Functionality[edit]
Words can be entered in the search bar by just typing the first few letters. The application will perform an incremental search to show any matching headwords or forms and will try to bypass spelling errors. Clicking on any word in a definition searches for that word in the dictionary again. Almost any word is clickable, except the pronunciations in phonetic characters and numerals.
The Preferences allow a user to select from three different pronunciation schemes, either US English (Diacritical or IPA), or British English (IPA).
Dictionary Screensaver Mac Os X
The dictionary and thesaurus in Dictionary are in an XML format, but make use of precompiled binary index files to access the XML file directly. Therefore, the lexicon cannot easily be modified. However, the user can add new words to the macOS system-wide spell checker, which uses its own lexicon.
Quick access[edit]
- In applications which support 'Services', there is an option in the application menu (for example, Safari>Services>Look up in Dictionary) which brings up the Dictionary application and displays the definition of a selected word. The same option appears in the contextual menu after a Control-click on the selected word.
- The key combination ControlCommand D can be used in Cocoa applications which display text – it brings up a small contextual menu-like definition or synonym of the word under the cursor.
- As of Mac OS X Lion, a three finger tap on the trackpad (either the built-in MacBook trackpad or the Magic Trackpad) has the same effect as the ControlCommand D shortcut.
- In applications which support the ability of the user to drag selected text, it is possible to select a word and drop it onto the icon of the Dictionary application in the Dock.
- Dashboard includes a widget for accessing the Dictionary application.
- macOS catches any queries to the
dict:///URI scheme, say from a web browser, and routes them back to the Dictionary application. - Since OS X Leopard, the dictionary has become tightly integrated with Spotlight, allowing users to view definitions from immediately within the system search.[3]
Other languages[edit]
Mac OS X 10.5 (Leopard) added the Japanese-language dictionary Daijisen, Progressive English to Japanese and Progressive Japanese to English dictionaries, and the 25,000-entry thesaurus 'Tsukaikata no Wakaru Ruigo Reikai Jiten' (使い方の分かる類語例解辞典), all of which are provided by the Japanese publisher Shogakukan. The Japanese dictionaries do not show up by default and must be enabled in Preferences.
In OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion, the Japanese dictionaries were replaced by Super Daijirin and the Wisdom English-Japanese Dictionary. In addition, dictionaries were also added for French (Multidictionnaire de la Langue Française for Macs sold in Europe, or Les Éditions Québec Amérique for Macs sold in America), German (Duden), Spanish (Vox), and Chinese (Standard Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese).
Software such as DictUnifier[4] can be used to add more dictionaries to the application.
Criticism[edit]
Although dictionary entries purport to be neutral, some entries in the underlying Oxford dictionary have been criticized for exhibiting various forms of bias. A complaint was filed in 2013 about the entry for 'gay,' which included the 'informal' definition 'foolish, stupid, or unimpressive: making students wait for the light is kind of a gay rule.'[5] The definition has since been amended with the label 'offensive.' In addition, writers of the dictionary exhibit gender bias in definitions such as 'political,' and 'apolitical.' The definition for 'political' associates the word with a man, ' he's a political man' and the example for 'apolitical' associates the word with a woman, 'not interested or involved in politics: a former apolitical housewife.' This form of gender bias has been documented in many dictionaries.[6]
References[edit]
- ^'OS X 10.10 Yosemite release date'. Retrieved November 16, 2014.
- ^'Inside Mac OS X 10.7 Lion: New dictionaries, multiple word views, multitouch lookups'. Apple Insider. April 12, 2011. Retrieved October 11, 2012.
- ^'Get Immediate Dictionary Definitions Using Spotlight'. OS X Daily. Archived from the original on April 13, 2012. Retrieved May 14, 2012.
- ^'mac-dictionary-kit - Mac Dictionary Kit - Google Project Hosting'. Code.google.com. Retrieved June 15, 2013.
- ^'Apple Dictionary Definition of 'Gay' includes 'Stupid''. ABC News. November 12, 2013. Retrieved July 15, 2018.
- ^'Should Dictionaries Do More to Confront Sexism?'. The New Yorker. Retrieved July 15, 2018.
External links[edit]
